Ingot mold



Jan. 14, 1941. WHEATQN I I 2,228,545

INGOT MOLD Filed May 6, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet l I gwue'nto'a 6' Ezra fl.

Jan. 14, 1941.

E. A. WHEATON INGOT MOLD Filed May 6, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 grvw/ntov Ezra A. malalu Patented Jan. 14, 1941 UNITED STATES IN GOT MOLD Ezra. A. Wheaton, Sparrows Point, Md., assignor to Bethlehem Steel Company, a corporation of Pennsylvania Application May 6, 1939, Serial No. 272,117

9 Claims.

My invention relates to an ingot mold for casting steel or the like, with special reference to the construction of the upper portion thereof, which is provided with a recess for receiving refractory non-conducting material, adapted to form a hot top for maintaining the molten metal which is poured therein fluid at, or near the top portion thereof for a longer time than that in those portions of the mold which are adjacent to, or subjected to the cooling effect of the metal lower part of the mold. By means of this construction the pipes and segregated metalloids due to shrinkage will be localized within the top portion of the ingot, leaving the body of the said ingot substantially solid and of good quality.

My ingot mold is adapted for casting ingots of any kind of metal and more especially to the casting of steel ingots.

Heretofore hot tops or sinkf-heads used with molds for casting ingots have been formed as a single'refractory feeder member which is seated on top of the mold and usually extends into the top portion of the mold cavity. These feeders are expensive and can only be used once as they have to be broken ofi after the ingot has solidified.

Other types of hot tops have been used having an outer metal shell provided with a refractory lining which are seated on top of the mold and form an extension therefor. The linings in these hot tops usually become defective after each heat caused by pouring and stripping the ingot from the mold and have to be repaired or relined.

Molds have also been formed in which the upper end of the mold cavity is enlarged to form a space which extended to the top edge of the mold for receiving refractory material, which on account of its exposed upper edge becomes injured in pouring and stripping the ingot from the mold and these also had to be repaired or replaced after each casting.

One of the objects of my invention relates to the manner of forming the top portion of the inner surface of the ingot mold walls with a channel shaped continuously extending recess of uniform depth for receiving a lining of refractory material.

Another object of my invention relates to the manner of securing the lining of refractory material in the channel shaped recess formed in the top portion of the mold walls so it will be protected as much as possible by the wall of the metal mold during the pouring and ingot stripping operations thereby enabling me to use the hot top for a plurality of heats without having to replace the refractory lining.

Having thus given a general description of the objects of my invention, I will now in order to make the matter more clear, refer to the accompanying two sheets of drawings forming a part of thisspecification and in which like characters of 5 reference refer to like parts.

Figure 1 is a vertical central section of my improved ingot mold showing; a steel ingot. cast therein taken on the line ii of Fig. 2 and showing the refractory material in the hot top portion 10 formed of a plurality of standard size bricks;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the ingot mold illustrated in Fig. 1;

.Fig. 3 is a. vertical central section of a mold similar to that shown in Fig. 1, but showing 5 molded refractory material in the recess of the hot top; and

Fig. 4 is a transverse section through the top portion of an ingot mold taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, but showing the bricks for the hot top formed of special'sizes whereby they are more easily assembled.

Referring to the characters of reference on the drawings: the numeral I indicates the ingot mold having an internal cavity 2, which tapers upwardly 5 and inwardly for casting an ingot 3 with the small-end-up. The walls of the mold have the greatest thickness at the bottom and taper upwardly towards the top portion, which is formed with a rectangular reinforcement 4 and lifting lugs 5. v

The top portion of the mold cavity is enlarged to form a continuous channel shaped recess 6 in the inner face of the wallsof the mold but in spaced relation with the top edge of the said mold, adapted to receive a replaceable refractory lining having its inner surface in the same plane and adapted to former portion of the surface of the mold cavity.

In Figs. 1 and 2 I have indicated this refractory .40 lining as formed of a plurality of refractory bricks I of standard size which are inserted in the recess 6 and further-held in position by means of a plastic cement capable of withstanding very high temperatures. As indicated it may be necessary to use a part of a brick in addition to the whole bricks in order to properly fill the channel shaped recess in the sides of the walls of the mold.

This manner of lining the recess with bricks of standard size is less expensive than using bricks made special for the purpose and-a portion of the lining can be easily replaced or repaired when necessary.

In Fig. 3 I have indicated the recess 6 as filled with a molded refractory material 8, and in Fig. 4

I have illustrated the recess 6 as filled with refractory bricks 9, H), II and I2 of special size adapted to fit each side of the recess in the walls tions by the inwardly extending flange is at the" top end of the mold which extends over the entire upper edge of the refractory'lining.

I prefer to make the inner surface of the mold corrugated from the recess Gto the base of the mold as indicated more clearly at It in Fig. 3, but it can be made smooth if desired as this does not form a feature of my invention.

It will be noted however that in using this type of a mold the inner surface of the refractory lining in the recess must extend the full height of the corrugations with the inner surface of the flange I3 smooth and parallel with the inner sur face of the refractory lining. 7

Experience has shown that some kinds of molten steel segregate more than others during solidification, and for this reason the height of the recess 6 and therefractory lining inserted therein may vary somewhat.

For illustration, I have shown my hot top as used in an ingot mold for casting ingots with the small-end-up, but I wish it understood that it could be used in the top portion of a mold for casting ingots with the big-end-up equally as well.

Although I have shown and described vmy invention in considerable detail, I do not wish to be limited to the exact and. specific details shown and described, but may use such substitutions, modifications or equivalents thereof, as are embraced within the scope of my invention, or as pointed out in the claims.

Having thus described my invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an ingot mold comprising a wall and a mold cavity, a recess formed in the wall of the mold near the upper end of the mold cavity in spaced relation with the upper end of said mold, a flange at the top of the recess formed integral ,with the ingot mold having its inner face in parallel alignment with the surface of the mold cavity,

and a refractory lining seated in the recess having its inner surface in the same plane and forming a continuation of the mold cavity.

2. In an ingot mold comprising a wall and a mold cavity, a refractory lining of uniform thick ness countersunk in the upper end portion of the wall of the mold in spaced relation with the top edge of said mold adapted to form a hot top for the mold, and a flange formed integral with the mold extending over the upper edge of the refractory lining.

3. In an ingot mold comprising side walls and a mold cavity, a continuously extending recess formed in the inner face of the upper portion of the side walls of the mold, refractory material in the recess adapted to form a hot top for the mold, and a continuously extending flange formed aazams I integral with the mold extending entirely over the top edge of the refractory material.

4. In an ingot mold comprising side walls and a mold cavity, a channel shaped recess of uniform depth in the side walls near the upper end of the mold cavity, bricks of refractory material seated in the channel shaped recess having their inner surfaces in the same plane and forming a continuation of the mold cavity, and a flange formed integral with the mold for protecting the top edges of the bricks of refractory material. 1 5 In aningot mold comprising side walls and a mold cavity, a recess in the side walls of the mold near the upper end of the mold cavity, bricks of refractory material seated in the recess having their inner surfaces in the same plane andforming a continuation of the mold cavity, and a flange formed integral with the mold extending entirely over the top ends of the bricks between the recess and the top end of the mold.

6. In an ingot mold having a hot top formed directly therein comprising side walls and a mold cavity. a' recess formed in the inner face of the sidewalls near the upper end of the mold cavity, molded. refractory material countersunk in the recess'having-its inner surface in the same plane and forming a continuation of the mold cavity, and a flange the depth of the recess formed integral with the side walls of the mold extending entirely over the top edge of the molded refractory material.

7. In an ingot mold comprising side walls and a mold cavity, .a channel shaped recess formed in the inner'surface of the side walls near the upper end ofthe said mold, an inwardly extending flange formed integral with the mold at the upper edge of the channel jshaped recess, and a plurality of bricks of refractory material seated in the channel shaped recess having their outer surfaces engaging the wall recess and their inner surfaces in the same plane and forming a portion of the mold cavity adapted to form a hot top for the ingot mold.

8. In an ingot mold comprising side walls and a mold cavity, a channel shaped recess formed in the side walls near the upper end of the mold, a brick of refractory material seated in the recess in each of the side walls having their inner surfaces in the same plane and forming a portion of the mold cavity, and a flange formed integral with the side walls extending entirely over the top edges of the refractory bricks.

9. In an ingot mold having a hot top formed directly therein comprisingside walls and a mold cavity, a continuous channel shaped recess formed in the inner face of the side walls in spaced relation with the top end of the mold, bricks of refractory material cemented in place in the recess having their inner surfaces in alignment and forming a portion of the mold cavity, and a flange formed integral with the side walls of the mold extending entirely over the upper edge of the bricks with its inner face in the same plane with the mold cavity.

EZRA A. WHEATON. 

